Hardware Architecture: Ek Introduction

Hardware Architecture: Ek Introduction

Hello dosto, aur welcome back mere series mein on hardware architecture. 

Ab tum soch sakte ho, yaar yeh banda kyun humein hardware architecture ke baare mein batata hai? Tum toh shayad khud koi hardware nahi banaaoge, halaanki woh karna is fun stuff. Aur agar tum computer scientist banna chahte ho, jo ke most of you nahi bannna chaaoge, toh yeh padhna is a great thing.

Main tumhe hardware ke baare mein batata hoon kyunki mujhe kuch words use karna hai jaise secondary storage, CPU, RAM, input devices, etc. Aur main chahta hoon tum yeh samajh paao.

Toh main start karta hoon ek hardware se called Raspberry Pi. Yeh, ek cute a single board computer hai. Aage jaa ke, yeh cheezen smaller aur smaller ho rahi hain, lekin inki architecture same rehti hai, bas components kam ho rahe hain.

### Computer ki Basic Architecture

Ab main aap ko dikhaoonga ek computer ka basic block diagram aur bataoonga major parts.

Computer mein real mein koi brain nahi hota, lekin software sabse close aati hai uske. Hardware mein, jo cheez sabse zyada brain jaisi hoti hai, use kehte hain micro-processing unit, ya CPU. Yeh designed hai teen billion baar ek second mein, yeh question poochne ke liye "ab main kya karoon?". Iske peeche hote hain instructions, jaise 32 ya 64 pins, jinme hum instructions bhej dete hain teen billion baar per second.

Hum baith ke isse baat nahi kar sakte, toh hum apne instructions store karte hain main memory mein. Yeh memory bahut fast hoti hai, aur CPU ko feed karti rahti hai. Har baar CPU ko nayi instruction chahiye hoti hai, woh memory se poochti hai uska location. Toh yeh CPU aur memory ek dusre ko feed karte rahte hain, aur yahi programming ka basic concept hota hai. 

Aapka program bhi isi main memory mein rehta hai when it is running. Toh aap ka code hi CPU ko instructions deta rehta hai!

### Motherboard

Agar tumne kuch saal pehle desktop computer liya tha, toh usme tha ek cheez called motherboard. Yeh sab cheezen connect karti hai. Memory, CPU, hard disk alag alag hote hain, lekin unki apni jagah hoti hai motherboard mein plug hone ke liye. Toh motherboard laati hai sab ko ek saath.

### Secondary Storage

Phir main memory ke alawa hota hai secondary storage, jaise hard disks. Main memory bahut fast hoti hai, lekin jab computer band hota hai toh woh blank ho jaati hai. Isliye hamari files jaise documents, photos, videos etc. ko store karne ke liye humein secondary storage chahiye jo permanent ho.

Maine tumhe ek bahut purani hard disk dikhayi hai. Aajkal toh solid state storage bhi aa gayi hai jo ki bina mechanical parts ke kaam karti hai. Lekin pehle hard disks mein spinning platters hoti thi jo magnetic process se data store aur access karti thi. Inki speed hoti thi in terms of revolutions per minute.

Jab tum desktop chalate ho aur spinning ki awaz aati hai toh woh hard disk ki hoti hai!

Isi hard disk mein hamara operating system rehta hai, saare files aur programs jab tak computer band hai. Phir yeh load hoti hain main memory mein when computer runs.

### CPU aur Memory  

Phir CPU data leti hai main memory se, aur program chalta hai teen billion operations per second ki speed se!

Maine tumhe dikhaya 1960s-70s ka CPU. Usme bahut saare capacitors aur resistors the jinse circuit banta tha. Aajkal to microchips hote hain millions transistors ke saath. Pehle wale transistors aur capacitors ki jagah ab etched integrated circuits hote hain jinme transistors ko microscopic size mein fit kiya jata hai. Yeh photo process se bante hain aur ab aur bhi zyada transistors daal sakte hain.

Isi shrinking size ki wajah se aaj pure computers hum apne pocket mein leke ghoom sakte hain! Sab kuch CPU, memory bas ek microchip mein aa gaya hai. 

Toh itna tha meri taraf se hardware ki quick introduction. Mera plan tha kuch basic terms ka use karna jaise maine kiya. Aage main bataunga kaise hum is hardware pe apne instructions chala sakte hain - matlab code likh ke! Tab tak ke liye, bye!